Project Euler
Problem 21: Amicable Numbers

Let d ( n ) be defined as the sum of proper divisors of n (numbers less than n which divide evenly into n ). If d ( a ) = b and d ( b ) = a , where a b , then a and b are an amicable pair and each of a and b are called amicable numbers.

For example, the proper divisors of 220 are 1, 2, 4, 5, 10, 11, 20, 22, 44, 55 and 110; therefore d ( 220 ) = 284 . The proper divisors of 284 are 1, 2, 4, 71 and 142; so d ( 284 ) = 220 .

Evaluate the sum of all the amicable numbers under 10000.

The two non-trivial parts of this problem involve getting the prime factors of a number and, based on that, finding all factors of that number.

To find the prime factors I just divide out progressively higher prime numbers using loops. To find all factors I multiply the prime factors with each other.

Once I have these two algorithms in place, I can iterate through the numbers, looking for amicable pairs. When I find them, I add them to an array and sum them.

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